If there is significant wear or damage to your current Centaur, then it might benefit your shifting performance to replace. If your rear derailleur is in good shape, I doubt it will make a difference besides a placebo effect.
I have heard it said that the aluminum cage rear derailleur is actually stiffer than the carbon fiber cage, but I don't know if that is based on fact.
Centaur carbon thought the 08 Record derailleur would go better with the new shifters. My centaur derailleur shifts fine, I wouldn't buy the Record unless it performed better.